Pennsylvania Merchants and American Ginseng in China, 1784-1840

Ginseng is the “emperor of plants,” celebrated in traditional Chinese medicine as a sovereign remedy for diverse ailments and promoter of longevity. The introduction of American ginseng to the Chinese market in the late-eighteenth century found a vast market of eager consumers.

In her dissertation project, Audrey Ke Zhao, PhD candidate at the University of California – Santa Cruz, is exploring the history of American ginseng in China. Using multiple collections held in the Hagley Library, such as the Lanman & Kemp drug company records, Zhao uncovers the development of an American export industry in ginseng with global connections and an orientation to the Chinese market. Ginseng imported through Canton challenged the imperial monopoly on the coveted commodity, triggering changes across the political economy of China.

In support of her work, Zhao received funding from the Center for the History of Business, Technology, and Society at the Hagley Museum and Library. 

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