In 1934, Russian Jewish immigrant and committed Socialist Samuel Golden (1895-1963) launched what might seem to be an unlikely new endeavor: he started a Christmas card business. The company, American Artists Group (AAG), was founded with a three-fold vision to provide income for artists struggling during the Great Depression; democratize American art by bringing it into the average person’s home in accessible ways; and elevate the quality of Christmas cards on the market, which Golden felt had become tawdry and substandard. The group began with thirty-eight prominent artists representing a cross-section of American artistic styles and mediums, eventually expanding to more than 400 members and producing original designs as late as the 1990s.

In the post-World War II United States, unions and management waged an ideological struggle for control of automation. This paper will chart this struggle, outlining both management’s market-oriented position as well as how sections of the labor movement advanced their own vision of the automated future. Ranging from early retirement and worker retraining programs financed through automation funds to a Technological Clearing House for national planning, proposed by unions was a social democratic politics of expanded collective bargaining prerogatives and federal policy intervention.

Reports To: Director of Development

FLSA: Exempt

Salary Range: $55,000 - $65,000

Schedule: Monday – Friday 8:30am – 4:30pm, occasional evening or weekend events related to their role. This is an onsite position.


Job Purpose:

Black and white photograph of a woman in a laboratory measuring another woman's hip area with a contour meter apparatus.

If you're feeling grateful for stretchy waistbands after the holidays, you have Dr. Joseph Shivers (1920-2014) to thank. Shivers began working for DuPont in 1946 as a researcher assigned to improving polymers.

He was soon tasked with a new project; DuPont's market research on what women consumers wanted from textile fabrics had spurred research into finding new, more comfortable materials to replace rubber for women's girdles and other foundation garments. The project initially stalled and was shelved in 1950, but found new life a few years later during an experiment into modifying Dacron, a polyester fabric invented in 1951.

The project was restarted, and the new material was completed in 1959 and released under the name Fibre K before being rebranded as Lycra, followed by Spandex. 

Subscribe to